Caught up in the currents and swirling in the North Pacific, covering an area some estimate to be twice the size of Texas, are billions of pieces of plastic that make up the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. But it seems that our throw-away, disposable lifestyle continues to leach out and affect more and more remote parts of the oceans. The results of the first litter survey assessing the state of ocean within the Arctic Circle has found that our trash has even reached this far north.
In order to get an idea of how much plastic was floating in the once pristine waters, the researchers searched the surface of the sea in a region known as the Fram Strait, between Greenland and Svalbard, from the bridge of a ship conducting a different expedition. In addition to this they also scanned the ocean from a helicopter and, combined with the ship-based survey, covered a massive distance of 5,600 kilometers (3,480 miles).
Northern gannets nesting in the North Sea. AWI
During this time, they spotted a total of 31 pieces of litter, which might not sound like much, but it is enough to confirm that garbage has still made it to the remote Arctic waters. “Since we conducted our surveys from the bridge, 18 meters [60 feet] above sea level, and from a helicopter, we were only able to spot the larger pieces of litter,” explains Dr Melanie Bergmann, who coauthored the paper published in Polar Biology. “Therefore, our numbers are probably an underestimate.”
Bergmann suspects that this litter might be bits that have broken off what is thought to be the sixth garbage patch, which may be forming in the Barents Sea between Svalbard and the Russian coast. There are currently five confirmed garbage patches in the world’s oceans, with the Great Pacific Garbage Patch being the largest and best known, but the dense population of northern Europe might be feeding a sixth. Another possibility is that with the Arctic ice retreating due to the warming climate, cruise ships and fishing boats are moving further and further north, bringing their trash with them.
Plastic bags found 2.5 kilometers (1.6 miles) deep in the Arctic waters. AWI
This study feeds into an earlier one, also conducted by Bergmann, that looked at the amounts of trash found on the deep sea floor in the Arctic. She discovered that there is twice as much garbage found 2.5 kilometers (1.6 miles) down on the floor of the Arctic Ocean today than there was 10 years ago. In addition, quite shockingly the amount of trash in the Arctic deep was more than what has been observed in the deep waters off the coast of Lisbon, the capital of Portugal.
Other research has found plastic in the stomachs of the deep swimming Greenland shark and the surface feeding fulmars. These worrying studies are just another sad sign of how far our damaging influence has reached, something that is only set to get worse if nothing is changed.
